![]() ![]() At present, the viscosity test involves the extraction of SF through a puncture in the joint using a 21 gauge needle, which is then removed, and the SF is expressed into a test tube. The macroscopic analysis evaluates the color, transparency, and viscosity of the fluid. Rheumatic diseases as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Osteoarthritis (OA) represent a problem for the quality of life of the population, causing pain and disability. In that sense, a new measurement device is needed, detect viscosity changes in biological fluids, that enhance opportune diagnosis. These techniques still require a large sample volume and/or are not accurate enough, and they need high expertise to follow the procedure and interpret the results correctly. Since the amount of available biological samples is usually scarce, common viscosity measurement techniques include capillary viscometers or manual techniques like the mucin clot test, or the string test of just forming strips with the syringe (or fingers) tips for the SF viscosity. The amount of the SF fluid in a joint is no more than 3.5 mL, and the mean volume of CSF in adults is 150 mL. However, the scarce amount of sample obtained is a problem for an accurate and objective measure of the viscosity. In Synovial Fluid (SF) and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), the viscosity change is associated with specific pathologies. The analysis of the physical properties of human fluids is an ally in the diagnosis of pathologies. However, some performance differences between both QCR-based systems compared to the reference system deserves further investigation. ViSQCT demonstrates the capability to measure the sample’s viscosity differentiation between healthy and pathological fluid phantoms and shows that it can be used as a basis for a diagnostic method of several pathologies related to the studied biological fluids. A conventional rotational viscometer was used as a reference for calibration purposes. A commercial QCR based system was also used for validation since its methodology differs from ours. ![]() For validation purposes, artificial fluids were developed to simulate SFs and CFs in healthy and pathological conditions as experiment phantoms. The proposed method is based on measuring the resonance frequency at the crystal’s maximum conductance point through a frequency sweep, where crystals with 10 MHz fundamental resonance frequency were used. This work provides the design and validation of a new viscosity measurement system based on quartz crystal resonators for low volume fluids, leading to the development of a sensor called “ViSQCT” as a prototype for a new medical diagnostic tool. On the other hand, Quartz Crystal Resonators (QCR) have been used widely in sensing applications due to their accuracy, cost, and size. Rotating bobs are more common, rotating cups reduce the likelihood of vortex formation, and "cone and plate" viscometers create a constant shear rate at any speed.Viscosity variation in human fluids, such as Synovial Fluid (SF) or Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), can be used as a diagnostic factor however, the sample volume obtained for analysis is usually small, making it difficult to measure its viscosity.
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